Thermodynamic Analysis of Copper Smelting, Considering …
The extent of matte entrainment depends on turbulence in the furnace, slag fluidity (viscosity/density), operating temperature [], and surface and interfacial tension of matte and slag, as described by Nakamura et al. [].Bellemans et al. summarize the following reasons for metal entrainment in slag: charging of the furnace, oxygen potential or …
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Effects of fluxing conditions on copper smelting slag …
extensively investigated. The electric furnace or rotary slag-cleaning furnace are now generally used to perform this task, giving a level of copper in discard slag typically in the range of 0.6 - 1.3 wt%, with most plants reporting copper losses in the discard slag in the range of 0.8 - 1.0 wt% [1-3]. The latter process has the advantage of ...
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Textural, mineralogical and chemical characteristics of copper …
The Okiep Copper District is located 600 km north of Cape Town in the north-western part of the Northern Cape Province, South Africa and includes the towns of Springbok, Okiep, Nababeep and Concordia.It is the oldest mining district in the country and has been a copper producer for more than 150 years.Copper smelters have been in …
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The potential for copper slag waste as a resource for a …
Sarrafi et al. (2004) investigated the recovery of copper from reverberatory furnace slag utilising flotation. The parameters such as cooling rate, particle size, collector dosage, pH and flotation time were studied. The results show that for an air-cooled slag at optimal conditions, a copper recovery of 72% was achieved in one stage flotation ...
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Reduction of Copper Smelting Slag Using Waste Cooking …
The results showed that the Fe3O4 content of the copper slag significantly decreased from 17.8% to 4.2% with the addition of 2 mL of WCO at 1250 °C. To better understand the reduction process ...
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Effect of CaO on Copper Loss and Phase Transformation in Copper Slag …
The cleaning of copper slag is an important way to realize the sustainable development of the copper metallurgy industry. CaO is a commonly used additive in the process of slag type regulation and has an important impact on the physicochemical properties of copper slag. However, there are few studies on the mechanism of the …
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Recovery of copper from copper blast furnace slag
Secondary copper blast furnace slag was treated with carbon to derive the conditions for maximum recovery of copper with minimum simultaneous reduction of iron oxide. Experiments were carried out to study the effects of parameters such as temperature, carbon addition and CaO addition to the slag on the efficient recovery of copper. A two …
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Recovery of Copper from Copper Blast Furnace Slag
The maximum recovery of copper in alloy phase was obtained with 5% (by weight) initial carbon in the feed, 2% (by weight) CaO addition to the slag and a reducing …
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Recovery of copper from reverberatory furnace slag by flotation
Conclusions. For separating copper from reverberatory slag with a copper content of about 1%, flotation was used, and in one stage flotation a recovery of 72% to a concentrate containing 12.6% copper was achieved. Application of R407 at a concentration of 30 g/t gave the highest separation efficiency. MIBC at a concentration of 35 g/t …
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Evaluation of copper slag and stainless steel slag as
Commonly used alkali activation precursors such as blast furnace slag and fly ash will soon become less available due to resource competition, and may cease to be produced in certain regions. This limitation in future supply is a main driving force for the investigation of alternative precursor sources, such as non-blast furnace slags and non …
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Copper Separation From Slag in Varying Oxygen Partial
Oxygen partial pressure is a defining thermodynamic variable in the recovery of copper during matte conversion. This study combines theoretical analysis and experiments to investigate the effect of oxygen partial pressure on slag properties and copper separation from slag. Additionally, under high oxygen partial pressure, the …
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(PDF) The Concept of Slag Decopperisation in the Flash Furnace …
The so-called direct-to-blister process which is an extraction technology delivers the primary suspension of the copper droplets in the liquid slag, Fig. 1. Coagulation and sedimentation, both are ...
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Enhancing the flotation recovery of copper minerals in …
The slags produced from the NCS furnaces (TSL furnace, copper converter, reverberatory furnace) contain copper ranging between 0.8 to 5% w/w. Due to this high content of copper, the slags are milled and floated to recover the copper. The main drawback in the current process is that the final flotation tailings grades are in excess of …
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Minimization of Copper Losses in Copper …
During the last few decades, the pyrometallurgical processes used for cleaning copper smelting slags have been steadily optimized. …
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Characterization of Fayalite from Copper Slags
Abstract and Figures. The aim of the present study was to characterize the fayalite crystal phases in two types of copper slag flash smelting furnace slag (FS) and converter (CS) slag, given their ...
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Preparation and hydration process of copper slag …
In this study, copper slag (CS) and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) were used to replace cement to address the low activity of CS, which limits its large-scale utilization. The dissolution characteristics, compressive strength, hydration products, and microstructure of the composite cementitious materials containing CS and GBFS were ...
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A new method of full resource utilization of copper slag
Sarfo et al. (2017) carried out carbothermal reduction process of copper slag (from the United States) by mixing 12.5% carbon with copper slag and reacting at 1420 °C for 0.75 h. The initial copper slag is reduced to low-grade pig iron with the recovery efficiency of up to 90% (Sarfo et al., 2017). However, non-ferrous metal elements can …
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Sustainable and Comprehensive Utilization of Copper Slag: A …
Metal Losses to the Slag in Smelting and Converting. 80% of the copper produced from ores worldwide originates from sulfide ores. The copper concentrate …
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A BRIEF REVIEW ON BLAST-FURNACE SLAG AND …
of copper is produced, 2.2-3 tonnes of CS are gen-erated [4]. In Oman approximately 60,000 tonnes of copper slag is produced every year [5]. The pro-duction approximately …
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A comprehensive review on the recovery of copper values from copper slag
A recovery ratio of 97.47% Cu in the copper phase was obtained at a lower temperature and shorter duration compared to the pyrometallurgy methods. Wang et al. [ 104, 105] also attempted to separate fine copper droplets from copper matte smelting slag by utilizing super-gravity.
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Synergetic modification of industrial basic oxygen furnace slag …
Copper slag is an acid slag mainly composed of Fe 2 SiO 4 and CaFeSi 2 O 6, which is classified as solid waste in the copper smelting industry (Li et al., 2019). In China, 2.2–3.0 tons of copper slag were produced per ton of refined copper, and tens of millions of tons of copper slag were released into the environment every year (Zhou et al ...
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Recovery of copper from copper blast furnace slag
of copper from the slag. Experimental Materials. Industrial copper blast furnace slag was used in this study. Slag sampIes received from the furnace were crushed to less than 3 mm, and 100-g slag sampIes were prepared by means of mechanical splitting. Carbon in the form of graphite powder (-200 mesh, 74 fim) containing greater than 99% fixed
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Recovery of valuable metals from copper slag | Mining, …
The copper smelting process produces plenty of copper slag every year, which is a hazardous solid waste, but a secondary resource. In the present study, the extraction of copper, nickel, and cobalt from copper slag was investigated through the process of sulfation roasting–water leaching and the process of sulfation roasting–sulfate …
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Modelling of copper (I) oxide reduction in a copper slag …
to copper loss to the slag predominantly in the form of copper (I) oxide [Reddy et al. 2003]. Hence, the recent trends of copper smelting invariably lead to significant
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Reductive-sulfurizing smelting treatment of smelter slag for copper …
The results showed that copper and cobalt contents in cleaned slag could decrease averagely to 0.18% and 0.071% respectively after cleaning. 91.99% Cu and 92.94% Co and less than 38.73% Fe were ...
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(PDF) Ammonia leaching of slag from direct-to-blister copper …
The use of ammonium acetate solutions with a concentration of 5 mol/dm 3 leads to leaching from the slag over 80% of the copper contained in it after 90 min of the process carried out at a ...
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Application of steel slags, ferronickel slags, and copper …
The leaching tests for copper slag and copper tailing were performed following TCLP (EPA, 2009), as listed in Table 5. According to the leaching test result of copper slag, all the heavy metal components are below the threshold from the US EPA (EPA, 2009). However, the leaching test results of copper tailing exceed the safe limits.
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Copper Slag-Sustainable Mold Material for Non-ferrous …
The evaluation of mold properties is crucial in the foundry industry to ensure efficient and high-quality casting production. This study focuses on the assessment of mold properties using silica sand, copper slag, and their mixture as molding materials in the sodium silicate, CO2 (carbon dioxide) chemical binder process. The properties …
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Recovery of Copper from Copper Blast Furnace Slag
The maximum recovery of copper in alloy phase was obtained with 5% (by weight) initial carbon in the feed, 2% (by weight) CaO addition to the slag and a reducing temperature of 1573 K. A higher ...
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Alternatives of Copper (I) Oxide Reduction in a Copper …
Using the developed computational model, we simulated copper (I) oxide reduc-tion from of the initial mass fraction of copper (I) oxide in the slag (e.g., 4 wt.%) down to 25% (e.g., 1 wt.%) in all six cases (Table 1). In each case this took a different amount of time to achieve. The longest reduction time was recorded in the case ...
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